Evaluation of solvents for extraction of residual asphalt from aggregates c. The objective of this project was to assess the variability and accuracy of different procedures for determining the asphalt content of. Bitumen testing apparatus bitumen penetration test. Humidity control is recommended to prevent excessive water absorption by the dried aggregate. Bitumen penetration test apparatus are used for testing bitumen, tar, cement and soils. The apparatus needed to determine bitumen content are i centrifuge extractor ii miscellaneous bowl, filter paper, balance and commercial benzene. Release the needle for five seconds and measure the distance penetrated. This is the test which helps us to draw marshall stability vs.
Exp 8 penetration test of bitumen civil engineers pk. About 1250g sample was collected as capacity of the bitumen extraction equipment. Centrifuge apparatus used for binder content test of bituminous mix. Pdf understanding waterbased bitumen extraction from. Rdgn022 mix design of bituminous materials page 3 of 3. Bitumen content test of a bituminous mix purpose the test determines the bitumen content in the bituminous mix by cold solvent extraction. Quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures 165. The machine is allowed to stop, 200 ml of solvent is added and the above procedure is repeated.
Centrifuge method is usually used so for todays post i would also be dealing only the centrifuge method for bitumen extraction test and is standardized by american society for testing materials astm 2172. In addition to good, general lab ventilation the extraction work area should be well ventilated. Bitumen extraction test is conducted to determine the percentage of bitumen present in an asphaltic pavement. Determining asphalt content of bituminous mixtures by extraction. Examine the needle holder and guide to establish the absence of water and other extraneous materials. Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo great deformation or elongation. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, from which the percentage of bitumen extraction test supply is 1%, 98% respectively. A chosen force is applied over a given area for a known period of time and the depth of penetration or the depression made in the sample is measured in tenths of a millimeter which is expressed as a. Other determinations that are useful in evaluating these mixtures are. Bitumen penetration test apparatus quality standard. There are many tests which are conducted to check the quality of bitumen. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that is black, highly viscous, sticky product used for paving roads, waterproofing products used in sealing roofs.
Consequently it is essential that they are carried out in strict compliance with the. Each method prescribes the solvent or solvents and any. Summary of test methods the asphalt mixture is extracted with trichloroethylene tce, normal propyl bromide npb, or methylene chloride using the extraction equipment applicable to the particular method. This method has four cold solvent extraction procedures.
The bituminous mixture was a semiopen asphalt concrete void content 11% to. Several waterless extraction methods being piloted that use less energy, produce fewer emissions. Add benzene to the sample until it is completely submerged. The most critical step in the test procedure is the quantitative extraction of bitumen from the asphalt paving mixtures.
Quantitative extraction of asphalt binder from hot mix. The masses for calculations will then be the sum of like masses of the test portions. In todays video i have explained in detail about the bitumen extraction test used to carry out the binder content in asphalt. Bullin when highway cores and hot mixes are extracted, several percent of the asphalt frequently remains on the aggregate. A 4060 penetration grade bitumen and bitumenfiller mastics prepared with three. Tests and frequency for ia for viscosity and sieve are shown in table 4015.
Rr175 a high pressure method of bitumen extraction from. Standard test methods for quantitative extraction of. Test procedure for determining asphalt content of bituminous mixtures by extraction txdot designation. The research work under report is also based on the same concept, but a new apparatus and procedure have been developed. Determining asphalt content of bituminous mixtures by. Weigh extraction test apparatus andor samples on a balance meeting the requirements of 1038. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish. Bitumen extraction test is used to determine the amount of bitumen that is actually used as binding content in asphaltic pavement or asphaltic concrete recently laid at site. It is not expected for the modulus values obtained to be univocal, whatever the procedure.
Use this test method to determine the percentage of asphalt in a paving mixture based on the weight of an asphalt and aggregate mixture. This test attempts to get the optimum binder content for the aggregate mix type and traffic intensity. February 28, 2019 standard method of test for quantitative extraction of asphalt binder from hot mix asphalt hma reference aashto t 16414 2018 astm d 2172 d 2172m11 aashto section. Applying sampling procedure for steel correctly applying sampling procedure for soils correctly applying sampling procedure for bitumen correctly applying sampling procedure for timber as required applying sampling procedure for concrete correctly. Asphalt binder extraction protocol for determining amount. Sample was selected from dump truck which is in the site and then it was put in to the oven.
Follow the appropriate sections, notes, temperatures and times that are outlined in mndots modified test method a when determining all correction factors and asphalt contents. Scope this test method describes the procedure for determining the optimum bitumen content obc for open graded friction course ogfc by examining the amount of asphalt drain down of an aggregate and unmodified asphalt binder mixture. Take exactly 500 grams of the representative sample and place it in the bowl of the extraction apparatus w1. This test method does not require the use of solvents. If this occurs, consider it when calculating the final percent of bitumen in the mix. Where the retention factor is determined to be less than 0. Dry and weigh the filter paper and place it over the bowl of the extraction apparatus containing the sample b. Evaluation of solvents for extraction of residual asphalt. Total bitumen recovery was higher than 98% for both the high grade, low fines ore and the medium grade, high fines ore, indicating that, unlike the water extraction process, the solvent extraction procedure was not sensitive to the fines and clay contents of the oil sands ores or to the ore grade, at least for medium and highgrade ores. Place an aluminum disc in the bottom of each extraction thimble as shown in figure 1 and attach the screwon bottom so that the aluminum disc is firmly held in place. Note 3 when the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of the equipment used for a particular method, the test specimen may be divided into suitable increments, tested, and the results appropriately combined for calculation of bitumen content. Binder content, extraction method, ignition method.
Us5053118a us07546,887 us54688790a us5053118a us 5053118 a us5053118 a us 5053118a us 54688790 a us54688790 a us 54688790a us 5053118 a us5053118 a us 5053118a authority us united states prior art keywords solvent procedure alicyclic hydrocarbon bitumen cyclohexane prior art date 19900702 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. The waterore slurry is mixed and aerated for 10 minutes at a. What is the procedure for the marshall stability test of. Project 0092asphalt binder extraction protocol for determining amount and pg 1602, characteristics of binders recovered from asphalt mixtures. Tolerance between ia and acceptance tests are in table 4 016. Marshall stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction. Take exactly 500 grams of representative sample and place in the bowl of extraction apparatus w1.
Subsequent studies developed a newer apparatus and testing procedure. Ductility is defined as the distance in cm, to which a standard sample or briquette of the material will be elongated without breaking. Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for gradation analysis according to test method d5444. Generally there are two method used for the bitumen extraction test. Bitumen content this test is done to determine the bitumen content as per astm 2172. Various laboratory tests on bitumen is conducted to check quality and different properties of bitumen for pavement construction. Solvent bitumen extraction methods take the steam out of. Bitumen extraction test is used to determine the percentage of bitumen content present in the asphaltic pavement by cold. Tests applied on bitumen procedure of tests on asphalt. Sample size was depended on maximum aggregate size of the mixture and capacity of the extraction equipment. Quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving.
Procedure of bitumenn extruction test sample was selected from dump truck which is in the site and then it was put in to the oven. This dish of at least 350 ml capacity is fitted with a suitable support to hold the sample container firm and level during testing. Clay minerals in nonaqueous extraction of bitumen from. This test is important because various pavement properties such as durability, compatibility, resistance to various defects and failure such as ravelling, rutting, bleeding etc depend upon the content of bitumen present as the binder for the aggregates. More or less may be recovered but the properties of the recovered bitumen may not be the same important that all asphalt in the mixture be extracted as there could be selective solvency. The results obtained from the methods herein may be affected by the age of the material tested. It composes 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% oxygen by weight. Bitumen is very important component of many construction sites like roads, highways. Bitumen is a black or brown mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum.
To determine the marshall stability of bituminous mixture as per astm d 1559. A variety of solvents were evaluated for their ability to remove this material. To determine the binder content bitumen in the asphalt mix by cold solvent extraction method. Some of the tests have evolved with the development of the industry and are empirical methods. Us5053118a bitumen extraction from asphalt pavements. The asphalt binder content is calculated by difference from. Clean a penetration needle with toluene or other suitable solvent, dry with a clean cloth, and insert the needle into the penetrometer. Experience in using bitumen in engineering projects has led to the adoption of certain test procedures that are indicative of the characteristics that identify adequate performance levels.
Bitumen extraction test apparatus, procedure, calculation duration. A preliminary investigation is presented in this paper followed by details of the design of the new modified test. This is a quality control test which provides methods of extracting the bitumen from the mixed material. From the graph, determine the temperatures for mixing and compaction, taking into account the viscosity requirements stipulated in table 1. Live bitumen extraction test for dense bituminous macadam pwd road construction civil engineering. Astm d6307 19 standard test method for asphalt content. Solvent bitumen extraction methods take the steam out of oilsands development. Place a beaker under the drain to collect the extract. The apparatus for the marshall stability test consists of the following. You can also choose from electronic bitumen extraction test there are 80 suppliers who sells bitumen extraction test on, mainly located in asia.